[gmx-users] use AMBER ff03 force field in gromacs 4

Justin A. Lemkul jalemkul at vt.edu
Thu May 12 15:09:08 CEST 2011



mircial at sjtu.edu.cn wrote:
> Dear All:
> 
> I am using GROMACS 4 to do MD simulations of protein-ligand complexes.I 
> encountered some
> problems when generating the topology file of the ligands. I generate 
> the topology file
> of ligands by using topolbuild package. The atom types of GAFF force 
> field are assigned
> to the atoms of the ligand. However, when I used grompp command to write 
> the tpr file.
> There is an error saying:
> 
> Fatal error:
> Atomtype c3 not found
> For more information and tips for troubleshooting, please check the GROMACS
> 
> 
> It seemed that, the amber ff03 force field in gromacs 4 didn't include 
> the atom types of
> the GAFF force field.
> 
> Does any one have ever encountered the same problem? What can I do to 
> solve this problem?
> 

You need to use atom types that exist in the Gromacs implementation of the Amber 
force fields.  Probably the missing atomtypes are just named something else in 
Gromacs.  See $GMXLIB/amber03.ff/atomtypes.atp for acceptable types.  Note that 
they are case-sensitive, so for example, "hc" is not the same as "HC", etc.

-Justin

> 
> this is the topology file of my ligand
> _____________________________________________________________________________- 
> 
> [ moleculetype ]
> ; Name            nrexcl
> solute             3
> 
> [ atoms ]
> ;   nr       type  resnr residue  atom   cgnr     charge       mass  
> typeB    chargeB
>      1         c3      1    DRG    C12      1    0.11235  12.000000
>      2         hx      1    DRG    H13      2    0.10011   1.000000
>      3         hx      1    DRG    H14      3    0.11263   1.000000
>      4         c3      1    DRG    C15      4   -0.02190  12.000000
>      5         c3      1    DRG     C4      5   -0.09576  12.000000
>      6         hc      1    DRG     H5      6    0.10817   1.000000
>      7         hc      1    DRG     H6      7    0.05611   1.000000
>      8         hc      1    DRG    H16      8    0.11695   1.000000
>      9         n4      1    DRG    N10      9   -0.75781  14.000000
>     10         hn      1    DRG    H11     10    0.44475   1.000000
>     11         hn      1    DRG    HN2     11    0.45369   1.000000
>     12         c3      1    DRG     C7     12    0.11240  12.000000
>     13         hx      1    DRG     H8     13    0.10008   1.000000
>     14         hx      1    DRG     H9     14    0.11262   1.000000
>     15         c3      1    DRG     C2     15   -0.02192  12.000000
>     16         hc      1    DRG     H3     16    0.11695   1.000000
>     17         ca      1    DRG     C1     17   -0.13377  12.000000
>     18         ca      1    DRG    C22     18   -0.10700  12.000000
>     19         ha      1    DRG    H23     19    0.16944   1.000000
>     20         ca      1    DRG    C17     20   -0.13377  12.000000
>     21         ca      1    DRG    C18     21   -0.10699  12.000000
>     22         ha      1    DRG    H19     22    0.16945   1.000000
>     23         ca      1    DRG    C20     23    0.28871  12.000000
>     24         ca      1    DRG    C21     24    0.28875  12.000000
>     25         nb      1    DRG    N29     25   -0.61584  14.000000
>     26         ca      1    DRG    C27     26    0.31853  12.000000
>     27         h4      1    DRG    H28     27    0.05520   1.000000
>     28         ca      1    DRG    C25     28    0.31854  12.000000
>     29         h4      1    DRG    H26     29    0.05519   1.000000
>     30         nb      1    DRG    N24     30   -0.61586  14.000000
> 
> [ bonds ]
> ;  ai    aj funct  r  k
>    28    29     1  1.0880e-01  2.8694e+05
>    26    27     1  1.0880e-01  2.8694e+05
>    21    22     1  1.0870e-01  2.8811e+05
>    18    19     1  1.0870e-01  2.8811e+05
>    15    16     1  1.0920e-01  2.8225e+05
>    12    13     1  1.0910e-01  2.8342e+05
>    12    14     1  1.0910e-01  2.8342e+05
>     9    10     1  1.0330e-01  3.0878e+05
>     9    11     1  1.0330e-01  3.0878e+05
>     5     6     1  1.0920e-01  2.8225e+05
>     5     7     1  1.0920e-01  2.8225e+05
>     4     8     1  1.0920e-01  2.8225e+05
>     1     2     1  1.0910e-01  2.8342e+05
>     1     3     1  1.0910e-01  2.8342e+05
>    28    30     1  1.3420e-01  4.0426e+05
>    26    28     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    25    26     1  1.3420e-01  4.0426e+05
>    24    25     1  1.3420e-01  4.0426e+05
>    23    24     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    23    30     1  1.3420e-01  4.0426e+05
>    21    23     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    20    21     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    18    24     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    17    18     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    17    20     1  1.3870e-01  4.0033e+05
>    15    17     1  1.5130e-01  2.7070e+05
>    12    15     1  1.5350e-01  2.5363e+05
>     9    12     1  1.4990e-01  2.4568e+05
>     5    15     1  1.5350e-01  2.5363e+05
>     4     5     1  1.5350e-01  2.5363e+05
>     4    20     1  1.5130e-01  2.7070e+05
>     1     4     1  1.5350e-01  2.5363e+05
>     1     9     1  1.4990e-01  2.4568e+05
> 
> [ pairs ]
> ;  ai    aj funct
>     27     29      1
>     27     30      1
>     25     29      1
>     24     27      1
>     23     29      1
>     22     24      1
>     22     30      1
>     19     20      1
>     19     23      1
>     19     25      1
>     17     22      1
>     16     18      1
>     16     20      1
>     15     19      1
>     14     16      1
>     14     17      1
>     13     16      1
>     13     17      1
>     11     13      1
>     11     14      1
>     11     15      1
>     10     13      1
>     10     14      1
>     10     15      1
>      9     16      1
>      9      8      1
>      8     15      1
>      8     17      1
>      8     21      1
>      7      8      1
>      7     20      1
>      7     12      1
>      7     16      1
>      7     17      1
>      6      8      1
>      6     20      1
>      6     12      1
>      6     16      1
>      6     17      1
>      5     13      1
>      5     14      1
>      4     10      1
>      4     11      1
>      4     16      1
>      4     22      1
>      3      5      1
>      3      8      1
>      3     20      1
>      3     10      1
>      3     11      1
>      3     12      1
>      2      5      1
>      2      8      1
>      2     20      1
>      2     10      1
>      2     11      1
>      2     12      1
>      1      6      1
>      1      7      1
>      1     13      1
>      1     14      1
>     25     30      1
>     24     28      1
>     23     26      1
>     21     25      1
>     21     28      1
>     20     24      1
>     20     30      1
>     18     21      1
>     18     30      1
>     18     26      1
>     17     23      1
>     17     25      1
>     15     24      1
>     15     21      1
>     12     18      1
>     12     20      1
>      9     20      1
>      9     17      1
>      9      5      1
>      5     21      1
>      5     18      1
>      4     12      1
>      4     18      1
>      4     23      1
>      1     15      1
>      1     17      1
>      1     21      1
> 
> [ angles ]
> ;  ai    aj    ak funct  theta   cth
>    29    28    30     1  1.1594e+02  4.3346e+02
>    27    26    28     1  1.2109e+02  4.0334e+02
>    26    28    29     1  1.2109e+02  4.0334e+02
>    25    26    27     1  1.1594e+02  4.3346e+02
>    22    21    23     1  1.2001e+02  4.0585e+02
>    20    21    22     1  1.2001e+02  4.0585e+02
>    19    18    24     1  1.2001e+02  4.0585e+02
>    17    18    19     1  1.2001e+02  4.0585e+02
>    16    15    17     1  1.1015e+02  3.9330e+02
>    14    12    15     1  1.1174e+02  3.8493e+02
>    13    12    14     1  1.1074e+02  3.2635e+02
>    13    12    15     1  1.1174e+02  3.8493e+02
>    12    15    16     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>    11     9    12     1  1.1011e+02  3.8660e+02
>    10     9    11     1  1.0811e+02  3.3890e+02
>    10     9    12     1  1.1011e+02  3.8660e+02
>     9    12    13     1  1.0791e+02  4.1003e+02
>     9    12    14     1  1.0791e+02  4.1003e+02
>     8     4    20     1  1.1015e+02  3.9330e+02
>     7     5    15     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     6     5     7     1  1.0835e+02  3.2970e+02
>     6     5    15     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     5     4     8     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     5    15    16     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     4     5     6     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     4     5     7     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     3     1     4     1  1.1174e+02  3.8493e+02
>     3     1     9     1  1.0791e+02  4.1003e+02
>     2     1     3     1  1.1074e+02  3.2635e+02
>     2     1     4     1  1.1174e+02  3.8493e+02
>     2     1     9     1  1.0791e+02  4.1003e+02
>     1     4     8     1  1.1005e+02  3.8828e+02
>     1     9    10     1  1.1011e+02  3.8660e+02
>     1     9    11     1  1.1011e+02  3.8660e+02
>    26    28    30     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    25    26    28     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    24    23    30     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    24    25    26     1  1.1586e+02  5.7404e+02
>    23    24    25     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    23    30    28     1  1.1586e+02  5.7404e+02
>    21    23    24     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    21    23    30     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    20    21    23     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    18    17    20     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    18    24    23     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    18    24    25     1  1.2263e+02  5.7907e+02
>    17    18    24     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    17    20    21     1  1.1997e+02  5.6233e+02
>    15    17    18     1  1.2063e+02  5.3388e+02
>    15    17    20     1  1.2063e+02  5.3388e+02
>    12    15    17     1  1.1461e+02  5.2300e+02
>     9    12    15     1  1.0893e+02  5.5229e+02
>     5     4    20     1  1.1461e+02  5.2300e+02
>     5    15    12     1  1.1063e+02  5.2886e+02
>     5    15    17     1  1.1461e+02  5.2300e+02
>     4     1     9     1  1.0893e+02  5.5229e+02
>     4     5    15     1  1.1063e+02  5.2886e+02
>     4    20    17     1  1.2063e+02  5.3388e+02
>     4    20    21     1  1.2063e+02  5.3388e+02
>     1     4     5     1  1.1063e+02  5.2886e+02
>     1     4    20     1  1.1461e+02  5.2300e+02
>     1     9    12     1  1.1064e+02  5.2551e+02
> 
> [ dihedrals ]
> ;i  j   k  l     func    C0  ...  C5
>     27   26   28   29     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     27   26   28   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     25   26   28   29     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     24   25   26   27     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     23   30   28   29     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     22   21   23   24     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     22   21   23   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     19   18   17   20     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     19   18   24   23     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     19   18   24   25     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   20   21   22     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     16   15   17   18     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     16   15   17   20     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     15   17   18   19     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     14   12   15   16     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     14   12   15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     13   12   15   16     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     13   12   15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     11   9    12   13     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     11   9    12   14     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     11   9    12   15     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     10   9    12   13     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     10   9    12   14     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     10   9    12   15     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     9    12   15   16     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     9    1    4    8      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     8    4    5    15     3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     8    4    20   17     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     8    4    20   21     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     7    5    4    8      3     0.62760     1.88280     0.00000    
> -2.51040     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     7    5    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     7    5    15   12     3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     7    5    15   16     3     0.62760     1.88280     0.00000    
> -2.51040     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     7    5    15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     6    5    4    8      3     0.62760     1.88280     0.00000    
> -2.51040     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     6    5    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     6    5    15   12     3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     6    5    15   16     3     0.62760     1.88280     0.00000    
> -2.51040     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     6    5    15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    15   12   13     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    15   12   14     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    1    9    10     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    1    9    11     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    5    15   16     3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    20   21   22     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    4    5      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    4    8      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    9    10     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    9    11     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     3    1    9    12     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    4    5      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    4    8      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    9    10     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    9    11     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     2    1    9    12     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    4    5    6      3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    4    5    7      3     0.66944     2.00832     0.00000    
> -2.67776     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    9    12   13     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    9    12   14     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     26   29   28   30     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     28   27   26   25     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     20   23   21   22     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   24   18   19     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     25   24   23   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     25   26   28   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     24   23   30   28     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     24   25   26   28     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     23   24   25   26     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     23   30   28   26     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     21   23   24   25     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     21   23   30   28     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     20   17   18   24     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     20   21   23   24     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     20   21   23   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     18   17   20   21     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     18   24   23   21     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     18   24   23   30     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     18   24   25   26     3    40.16640     0.00000   -40.16640     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   18   24   23     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   18   24   25     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   20   21   23     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     15   17   18   24     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     15   17   20   21     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     15   5    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     12   15   17   18     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     12   15   17   20     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     9    1    4    20     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     9    12   15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     9    1    4    5      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    4    20   17     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    4    20   21     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    15   12   9      3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    15   17   18     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     5    15   17   20     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    1    9    12     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    5    15   12     3     3.68192     3.09616    -2.09200    
> -3.01248     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    5    15   17     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    20   17   15     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    20   17   18     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     4    20   21   23     3    30.33400     0.00000   -30.33400     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    4    5    15     3     3.68192     3.09616    -2.09200    
> -3.01248     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    4    20   17     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    4    20   21     3     0.00000     0.00000     0.00000     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     1    9    12   15     3     0.65270     1.95811     0.00000    
> -2.61082     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     18   23   24   25     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     21   24   23   30     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     17   21   20   4      3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
>     15   18   17   20     3     9.20480     0.00000    -9.20480     
> 0.00000     0.00000     0.00000    ;
> ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
> 
> 
> It seemed that the atoms types in GAFF force field (e.g., c3, hx, hc, 
> etc. ) can not be recongnized by the amber ff03 FF implemented in 
> gromacs 4.5.3.
> 
> Thanks in advance!!!
> 
> R.X.G.
> 
> 
> 

-- 
========================================

Justin A. Lemkul
Ph.D. Candidate
ICTAS Doctoral Scholar
MILES-IGERT Trainee
Department of Biochemistry
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, VA
jalemkul[at]vt.edu | (540) 231-9080
http://www.bevanlab.biochem.vt.edu/Pages/Personal/justin

========================================



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